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Landmark Supreme Court cases: Difference between revisions
→Short list of Landmark Supreme Court cases
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== Short list of Landmark Supreme Court cases == | == Short list of Landmark Supreme Court cases == | ||
* cases as generally recommended for minimual study of the AP Gov exam | * cases as generally recommended for minimual study of the AP Gov exam | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | |||
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!Case | |||
!Date | |||
!Court | |||
!Big Ideas/ Court Doctrine | |||
!Constitutional Issues | |||
!Constitutional Issues | |||
!Issues / Background / Description / Opinion | |||
!Dissent (if relevant) | |||
!Related Cases | |||
|- | |||
|Baker v. Carr | |||
|1961 | |||
|Warren | |||
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* "One person one vote" standard | |||
* Political Question doctrine | |||
|equal protection (14th amendment) | |||
|judicial review | |||
| - held that the state of Tennessee had ignored a 1901 state law that required redistricting to be adjusted according to census results; | |||
the state had not drawn new districts since 1901, resulting in overrepresentation of rural over urban citizens | |||
- the court held that challenges to state districting (gerrymandering) issues were not merely "political questions" and thus subject to Court review | |||
- the Court was split on the case and the case had to be re-argued | |||
| - Justice Brennan argued that redistricting is a political question and should be left up to the states | |||
- Justice Frankfurter held that the decision was "judicial overreach" | |||
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* Reynolds v. Sims (1964) | |||
* Shaw v. Reno , 1993) | |||
|- | |||
|'''Marbury v. Madison''' | |||
|1803 | |||
|Marshall | |||
|Judicial supremacy | |||
|<nowiki>- federalism</nowiki> | |||
- constitutional interpretation by the Court | |||
|affirmed concept of "legal remedy"<ref>Marshall invoked (referenced) the ancient Roman legal maxim ''ubi jus, ibi remedium'' for "where there is a legal right, there is a legal remedy"</ref> | |||
|- settled a dispute between outgoing Adams and incoming Jefferson administrations over Adams' "midnight appointments", including one to Marbury | |||
- ruled that the Judiciary Act of 1793 is illegal under the constitution, thus establishing "judicial review" | |||
- created the power of the Courts to invalidate statutory laws based upon their "constitutionality" | |||
- Marbury lost his case, as the Court ruled that any legal remedy due to him was from an invalid law | |||
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