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Social Studies skills: Difference between revisions
→Cognitive biases, effects & syndromes
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* the Dunning-Kruger effect is observable but not provable | * the Dunning-Kruger effect is observable but not provable | ||
** i.e., it can happen but just because someone does not have competence does not mean that person will draw hasty, broad and wrong conclusions | ** i.e., it can happen but just because someone does not have competence does not mean that person will draw hasty, broad and wrong conclusions | ||
=== Mediocrity paradox === | |||
* = the idea that conformity to inept, incompetent or corrupt systems | |||
** = leads to individual advancement within those systems without changing or improving that system | |||
*** in fact, mediocre people do not want to change inept systems precisely because they benefit themselves | |||
* similar to the Peter principle, but explains why people are promoted ''above'' their competency | |||
=== Narrative Fallacy === | === Narrative Fallacy === | ||
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** thus the paradox that we accept as true something reported that we know little about, all the while knowing that an expert on or direct witness to that news would know it is inaccurate. | ** thus the paradox that we accept as true something reported that we know little about, all the while knowing that an expert on or direct witness to that news would know it is inaccurate. | ||
* from Michael Bromley | * from Michael Bromley | ||
* | |||
=== Observation bias === | |||
* also known as "observer effect" | |||
* when the observer changes the actual event / object being observed | |||
* example : typically checking the air pressure of an automobile tire requires letting some air out of it in order to place the pressure gauge on it to measure the air pressure | |||
=== Peter principle === | === Peter principle === | ||
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* the Peter Principle may help explain why historical actors rise and then become mediocre at their pinnacle | * the Peter Principle may help explain why historical actors rise and then become mediocre at their pinnacle | ||
=== | === Rorschach test === | ||
* | * from the "Rorschach Inkblot Test" | ||
** a controversial psychological / personality test developed by the Swiss psychoanalyst, Hermann Rorschach in 1921 | |||
** the idea of the test was to assess someone's personality based upon perceptions of "ambiguous designs" | |||
* | *** i.e., "blots" of ink on a paper | ||
* | *** the test was supposed to indicate a personality type or condition based upon response to the "Inkblot" | ||
* | * for the Humanities (social sciences & literature), "Rorschach test" is a reference to a bias | ||
* so a situation or idea can be used as a Rorschach test to indicate a certain line of thinking, outlook, or perspective on something | |||
** i.e., "The current crime wave is a Rorschach test of people's views on policing." | |||
* however, as with the original Inblot test, use of a Rorschach test in the humanities is itself biased | |||
** so one must be careful in its application | |||
=== Other/ todo === | === Other/ todo === | ||