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Grammar: Difference between revisions
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'''Grammar''' | '''Grammar''' | ||
* | * = is from the Greek "art of letters" (words) | ||
* | '''Article purpose''' | ||
* this article focuses on sentences and sentence parts, including | |||
* | ** sentence definition | ||
* | ** types of nouns, verbs, and adjectives & their use in a sentence | ||
* | ** clauses & phrases | ||
'''Note''': "punctuation" and "parts of speech" are sub-categories of "grammar" | |||
* see also: | |||
** [[Punctuation]] | |||
** [[Parts of Speech]] for grammar and usage rules on word categories | |||
** [[List of word parts of speech & their grammar rules]] for list of commonly used words, their parts of speech categories, and the rules governing their use | |||
* [[SAT Writing]] has grammar and punctuation rules and advice | |||
'''Other related categories:''' | |||
* [[:category:linguistics]] | * [[:category:linguistics]] | ||
** [[etymology|etymology (word origin)]] | ** [[etymology|etymology (word origin)]] | ||
** [[semantics|semantics (individual word meaning)]] | ** [[semantics|semantics (individual word meaning)]] | ||
** [[syntax|syntax (word choice, combinations and context)]] | ** [[syntax|syntax (word choice, combinations and context)]] | ||
* [[homographs]] | * [[homographs]] including: | ||
** homophones, homonyms & heteronyms | |||
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[[category:linguistics]] | [[category:linguistics]] | ||
'''Note on abbreviations''' | |||
* IC = "independent clause" | |||
* DC = "dependent clause" | |||
* SV = "subject + verb" | |||
* SVO = "subject + verb + object" | |||
* CB = College Board | |||
** | ** SAT practice tests referenced or excerpted here are from the [[https://collegereadiness.collegeboard.org/sat/practice/full-length-practice-tests College Board Official Practice Test Suite]] | ||
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** prepositions, etc. | ** prepositions, etc. | ||
=== | === Categories of sentence purposes === | ||
* declarative sentence | * declarative sentence | ||
** = a statement or "declaration" of fact or firm opinion | ** = a statement or "declaration" of fact or firm opinion | ||
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** may also be an exclamatory statement | ** may also be an exclamatory statement | ||
** ex., "Get to work!" | ** ex., "Get to work!" | ||
== Subject == | |||
* one of two parts of a sentence or a clause | |||
* the subject is the "doer" of the | |||
* see [[Parts of Speech]] for list of sentence parts | |||
* here we will look at the roles and forms of a subject in a sentence | |||
=== subject phrase === | |||
== Predicate == | |||
* the 2nd part of a sentence or clause | |||
* expresses the action of the subject and the result of that action | |||
* a "simple predicate" is a verb | |||
* a "complete predicate" is the rest of the sentence following the subject | |||
== Verb == | |||
* the subject is the "doer" of the | |||
* see [[Parts of Speech]] for list of sentence parts | |||
* here we will look at the roles and forms of a subject in a sentence | |||
=== linking verb=== | |||
* "link" a subject to something about that subject that is not a direct action | |||
* linking verbs are: | |||
** "to be" and all of its "auxiliary verb" forms, ''am/is/are, was/were, has/have been, is/are being, might be, could, should, might, must'' | |||
** ''to become, to seem'' | |||
* ex.: | |||
** "Thank God it is Friday!" | |||
** "The kids are hungry" | |||
=== Object === | |||
* the subject is the "doer" of the | |||
* see [[Parts of Speech]] for list of sentence parts | |||
* here we will look at the roles and forms of a subject in a sentence | |||
=== subject complement === | |||
* adds information to a subject following a linking verb (see above) | |||
* = an object that is not a noun | |||
* ex. "Jillian thought it was late" | |||
=== object complement === | |||
* a word that modifies an object | |||
* object complements follow verbs that express both an object of an action and a recipient of that action | |||
** such as, ''appoint, call, create, declare, direct, elect, tell | |||
>> to complete | |||
{{Clause (grammar)}} | {{Clause (grammar)}} | ||